Mezcla genica en una muestra poblacional de la ciudad de Buenos Aires / Gene mixture in a population sample from Buenos Aires City

Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la mezcla génica en la población de la Ciudad de BuenosAires, a partir de muestras de dadores de sangre provenientes de un centro público de salud (Hospitalde Clínicas). Los estudios se realizaron sobre 218 personas no emparentadas que donaron su sangre duranteel año 2002. Se analizaron 8 sistemas genéticos eritrocitarios y los alotipos GM/KM. Se realizó una encuestacon la finalidad de obtener información sobre lugar de nacimiento, residencia actual y datos genealógicosde los dadores. Las frecuencias génicas se determinaron empleando métodos de máxima verosimilitud. Paracalcular la mezcla génica se aplicó el programa ADMIX (trihíbrido). Se registró un 15.8% de aporte indígena(AI) y 4.3% de africano (AA). Estos datos se compararon con un estudio previo realizado en un centro privado(Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires), no observándose diferencias significativas salvo en el sistema Km. Los resultadosobtenidos se corresponden con la información histórica y demográfica de la ciudad de Buenos Aires.

The aim of this study is to estimatethe gene admixture in the population of Buenos Aires City from samples of blood donors, whichcome from a public health centre (Hospital de Clínicas). These studies were performed on 218 unrelated people,who donated blood during the year 2002. Eight erythrocyte genetic systems and GM/KM allotypes were analysed.A survey to obtain information about place of birth, present residence and genealogical data of the donors wasperformed. The gene frequencies were determined using a method of maximum likelihood. The genetic admixturewas calculated through the ADMIX program (trihibride). The Amerindian and African contributions were 15.8%and 4.3% respectively. These data were compared with those obtained in a previous study performed in a privatecentre (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires) and significant differences were observed, except in the KM system.The results obtained are in concordance with the demographic and historic information of Buenos Aires City.

Genetic variability in Amerindian populations of Northern Argentina

The allelic variability of four dinucleotide microsatellites located in the HLA region (MOGc, D6S265, MIB, and TNFa) was analyzed in 67 individuals representing three Amerindian populations of the Argentine Gran Chaco: Toba, Wichi and Chorote. Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood and DNA was extracted using the standard phenol-chloroform procedure. Alleles were identified by PCR, using an end-labelled reverse oligonucleotide primer (fluorescent 6 - Fam labeling). Despite the low number of samples studied, a high level of gene diversity was observed in each population and for each locus. Moreover, the mean number of alleles was 7.7, 5.3, 10.0, and 7.0 at loci MOGc, D6S265, MIB and TNFa, respectively. Differentiation tests between pairs of populations showed a clear differentiation between the Wichi and the other two groups. However, the proportion of the total genetic variability that is due to differences among populations, estimated by the Gst' index, was relatively low (6 percent). Almost all the genetic variation occurred at the intra-population level (96 percent). The high intra-populational genetic variation suggests the existence of an intensive gene flow among the Gran Chaco tribes. Historical information seems to confirm this result.

Demography, genetic diversity, and population relationships among Argentinean Mapuche Indians

Dados relativos a fertilidade, mortalidade e migraçäo de quatro comunidades de índios Mapuche localizadas em uma área linear na direçäo nordeste-sudoeste com 215 km de extensäo na Província de Rio Negro, Argentina, foram associados com a informaçäo genética fornecida por nove sistemas de grupos sangüíneos e os haplogrupos do DNA mitocondrial. Ambos os tipos de informaçäo apontam claramente para uma dicotomia, as quatro populaçöes sendo divididas em grupos de duas. O principal fator responsável por esta separaçäo é provavelmente graus diferentes de mistura com näo-índios. A variabilidade genética total foi muito similar em todos os grupos, aquela entre populações sendo de apenas 10 por cento deste valor. Foi confirmada a baixa prevalência do antígeno Diego(a) entre os Mapuche. O fato de que heterogeneidade genética significativa e conjuntos populacionais diversos foram observados em uma regiäo territorial täo pequena demonstra a sensibilidade dos enfoques demográfico e genético no esclarecimento da história humana.

Beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes in the Mapuche Indians of Argentina

Haplótipos derivados de cinco sítios de restriçäo polimórficos presentes no agrupamento da globina beta foram investigados em 86 cromossomos da populaçäo Mapuche da Argentina. Esses resultados foram analisados em conjunto com os previamente obtidos para dez tribos indígenas brasileiras. Oito haplótipos foram identificados, dos quais os mais freqüêntes foram o 2 (57 por cento) e o 6 (27 por cento). A presença do haplótipo 3 em 2 por cento dos cromossomos dos Mapuches é uma evidência de mistura com indivíduos de ancestralidade africana. Devido ao alto número de haplótipos, a heterozigosidade medida pelo índice Gini-Simpson é mais alta nos Mapuches do que nos índios brasileiros. A distribuçäo haplotípica nos Mapuches é também significativamente diferente da observada nas tribos brasileiras. Essa heterogeneidade poderia ser parcialmente explicada pela mistura com populaçöes näo-indígenas.

Crecimiento en escolares de Villa IAPI (Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina) / Growth in school children of Villa IAPI (Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina)

Growth in schoolchildren of Villa IAPI--a poor neighborhood placed near Buenos Aires (Argentina)--were cross-sectionally studied. Six hundred and forty five--291 males and 354 females--children from six to twelve years old were weighed (W), and the standing (StH) and sitting (SiH) heights, the head (HC) and the arm (AC) circumferences, and the triceps (TS) an the subscapular (SS) skinfolds were measured. The muscular braquial circumference (MC), and the length of the inferior segment of the body (IS) were also calculated. All of the measurements were transformed to "z" scores. It was observed that in all cases--except for 11 year-old females--both W and StH were diminished. This trend was stronger in males than in females. Both SiH an HC did not show differences with respect to local growth standards. Skinfold values however, were always greater in Villa IAPI children--except SS in 9 to 12 year-old males, and in 12 year-old females--than those of normal standards, Such differential growth pattern suggests that two joined strategies--for protection and adaption to unbalanced environment--actually acted in the Villa IAPI population.